( excerpt from the article )
4 Japanese were in Hebei trespass is my video review of military administrative zones
reporter from the state security organs , Shijiazhuang City , Hebei Province was informed that: Recently, Takahashi set other four Japanese unauthorized entry into a military administrative area of Hebei Province and military targets illegal videos. National security authorities in Shijiazhuang, Hebei , after receiving the report , that the above personnel shall take measures and review their problems . The case is currently pending .
think of captain before being detained in China , think of the Diaoyu Island incident , we are very natural to imagine that these two things would not have anything to do , but anyway , we stood up again and the Chinese dragon This time we will not compromise , we absolutely will not Arrogant , we have only one word
Sunday, May 29, 2011
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Dinner in the hidden rules in China 【 details
Dinner in the hidden rules in China 【Details】
Oh, in China, things to eat are common, but this dinner is often a bad deal, and many of the unspoken rules for you to savor. In order not to make a fool, huh, huh, or an early start to the next as well.
attention to detail:
1 - seating
general, the seating is If the round table, you are on the main passenger door, subject and object about the location of hand, places the distance from the subjective and objective point of view, the more respect for the closer position of subject and object, the same respect from the left on the right. For a square table, if there is on the door of the seat, the door is on the right side of the main bit off. If the errors on the door, then face the right side of the East seat for the chief. If the banquet, the table and pay attention to the table arrangement between the Chief of the top center, followed by 2,4,6 seats left and right for the 3,5,7 seats, according to subject and object identity, status, sit in affinities. If you are a master, you should arrive early and wait in the position near the door, and introduced the guest seat. If you are invitees, then they should listen to host the screening time. Generally, if your boss to attend, you should be directed to the main boss seat, customers the highest level of the main seat on the left sitting position. Unless the leadership of the level of hospitality object is very high.
2 - order
if time permits, you should wait after the majority of the guests in attendance, will be circulated to the menu for guests and ask them to order. Of course, as the official dinner, you will worry about the budget issue, therefore, to control the budget, your most important thing is to do more homework before dinner, select the appropriate grade is more important to treat location, so guests can greatly understand you budget. Moreover, in general, if you will pay is not very nerve guests a la carte, will allow you to decide. If your boss is also the dinner, do not because of respect for him, or that his entertainment experience, catering to eat more, and let him / her to order, unless he / she volunteered. Otherwise, he will not feel decent. If you are a person dinner, you should know when you should not be too active in the order, but to enable the owner to order. If the other kind requirements, you can point a not too expensive, but not all the food taboos. I remember the views of people consulted about the table, in particular, ask, A la carte, you can consult When ordering, be sure to know what.
when ordering, according to the following three rules:
First, look at personnel. In general, per capita food is more of a general rule. If more men may be appropriate to increase the amount of dinner.
Second, look at food combinations. In general, the table is better to have dirty dishes well-established, a cold hot, try to make it comprehensive. If the table more than men, some meat or fish can be more, if the President more, you can channel light a few more vegetables.
Third, look at the importance of dinner. If an ordinary business dinner, an average of a dish in about 50 yuan to 80 yuan acceptable. If the object of the dinner is more key, then the weight is enough to point a few dishes, such as lobster, saury, anchovy, and then to the specifications that are abalone, fin powder.
Another point to note is that should not be asked the waiter when ordering food prices, or the bargain, which would allow your company in front of customers is a little petty, but customers will feel uncomfortable.
with: a la carte Chinese food guide - three excellent standard of four-bogey
Chinese dinner meal, usually, first on the cold, followed by hot dishes, followed by a main course, dessert and soup and then on, if feeling a little tired of eating, you can order some dessert, and finally the fruit. In order to take into account the various procedures in the dishes. Dishes
a priority, with the characteristics of Chinese food dishes. Hosted foreign guests of the time, this one should pay more attention. Such as fried spring rolls, boiled Lantern, steamed son, lion head, kung pao chicken, etc., not food delicious, but because with distinct Chinese characteristics, so admired by many foreigners.
Second, there are local characteristics of the dishes. Such as steamed mutton in Xi'an, Hunan, Mao Pork, stewed lion head in Shanghai, Beijing, a choice of lamb, where the dinner guests outside, on the dishes, probably more than the monotony of seafood received.
Third, the restaurant's specialties. Many restaurants have their own specialties. On a specialty of the restaurant, telling the owner of the care and respect for those who were invited.
in arranging the menu, guests of the diet must also be considered taboo, especially for the guest of honor of any dietary restrictions attention.
these dietary taboos are four:
1. Religious dietary restrictions, that can not be negligent. For example, Muslims usually do not eat pork, and do not drink. Buddhists eat Hunxing domestic food, it not only refers to the meat, but also onions, garlic, leeks, mustard and other pungent food. Some believe in the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy in the diet is especially forbidden to eat beef, which points to serve Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese compatriots in particular should pay attention to when.
2. For health reasons, for some food, have also been taboo. For example, heart disease, cerebral vascular, vein sclerosis, hypertension and stroke sequelae, not suitable for eating dog meat, lamb and turtle Jichi patients with hepatitis, gastroenteritis, gastric ulcer and other digestive diseases, people are not suitable to eat turtles, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, less chicken soup and so on.
3. Different regions, people's food preferences are often different. For this, take into account when arranging the menu. For example, in Hunan province who generally like spicy foods, eat less sweets. Anglo-American countries usually do not eat pets, rare animals, animal offal, animal's head and claws. In addition, the dinner with foreign guests, try to be less rigid grazing dishes, foreigners will not bite in the meal in the mouth and then spit out the food, it also needs to take into account.
4. Some occupations, for some reason, often in the dining areas have their own different special taboo. For example, the civil servants in the performance of official duties are not allowed to accept an invitation to dinner, eating and drinking are not allowed in the official dinner, no more than the national standard meal, are not allowed to drink alcohol. Again, the driver shall not drink alcohol during the work. If overlooked this point, there is likely to make mistakes the other side.
3 - bite
Chinese people are generally very particular about food, but also very particular about eating phase. As more and more attention workplace etiquette, business dining table eating and eating phase and more stress. Following the lunch, for example, teach you how polite at the dinner table with instrument handy. The beginning of lunch banquet meal, the waiter brought a wet towel is a towel first, do not use it to wipe her face. On lobster, chicken, fruit, will give her a little water, Bangladesh, in which floating lemon slice twist or rose petals, it is not drink, but hand-washing purposes. Wash your hands, you can turn his hands wet fingers, gently rinsed, and then with a small towel. Meal should pay attention to courtesy and manners. Do not repeatedly advised of the foreign guests food, Chinese food can be introduced to each other's characteristics, to eat do not eat by him. Some people like to dish to persuade others, even for the other bowl. Foreign guests do not have this habit, if you politely again, maybe people will resent: If you wait for someone else to their own dish cloth, it had to Russia and stomach. Guests sat at the table, do not immediately hands feeding. The owner should be greeted by the owner to indicate the beginning of a toast, the guests can begin; guests can not grab the front of the owner. Take their food to civilization, and should be in front of other dishes to their own, and then Dongkuaizi, do not grab the front next to him, one and take their food and it is not too much. To eat slowly, which is not only conducive to digestion, but also table etiquette requirements. Must not be large mouths, gobble, so, can leave the impression of greed. Do not picky eaters, do not just stare at you like Levin to eat, or hurried to favorite dishes piled up in your own plate. Action to be elegant dining, sitting next to the folder not to touch when Levin, not to plate the food appropriated table, not the soup spilled. Do not make unnecessary sounds such as the soup Do not just eat, side and someone to talk to. Mouth of the bones and fishbone not spit on the table, napkins are available hush, taken out on the dish with chopsticks. Out the food on the table, do not eat. Do not play with dishes during a meal, or with chopsticks straight people. Do not pull a hand to mouth disorder. Teeth with a toothpick, apply hand or napkin cover your mouth. Do not let dishes make a sound. After the meal, you can use napkins, napkin or small towel attendant wiped his mouth sent, but should not rub head and neck or chest; uncontrolled postprandial do not burp or belch; not signal the end of the host, guests can not be first leave.
4 - to drink
the saying goes, Yue Heyue wine is thick, but there are a lot of knowledge wine on the table pay attention to, the following summarizes some of the wine on the table you have to pay attention to small details.
details are: leadership toast each other drinking before their turn. Toast have to stand up, his hands in a toast.
details of the two: can people respect a person must not be more than one respect, unless you are a leader.
details of the three: their respect to others, if you do not clink, drink yourself how much can the case may be, such other amount of alcohol, the other drinking attitude, must not drink less than the other, respect their own people to know.
details of the four: his respect people, and if the Big Apple one, I finished, you pick, was magnanimous side.
details of the five: remember to add liquor to the leaders or customers, do not blind to the leadership on behalf of the wine, is to generation, but also in leadership or on behalf of clients looking for someone to do but also pretending that he is not because you want to drink In order to give leadership on behalf of the wine and drink. A numerous liquor power such as leadership, respect by beating about the bush to lead a person to prepare stopped.
details of the six: put that glass (beer glass), the right hand briefly Cup, left pad bottom of the cup, remember your cup is always lower than others. If the leadership of their own, got the message point, do not put too low, or how a man called the following?
details of the seven: no special characters if the presence of needle touch the wine the best order of time, not favoritism.
details of the eight: clink, toast, have arguments, or I tmd Why drink your wine?
details of the nine: the desktop does not do business, drink well, also about the business, and everyone inside a clear understanding of the heart, otherwise people will not open a drink with you.
details of the ten: if, purely if the encounter would not be enough wine, wine bottle on the middle of the table, people add their own, Do not be silly not to waste one by one pouring, or how the people behind the wine do not ?
on toast:
1, owner of the guest of honor King.
2, Peiqia King guest of honor.
3, the guest of honor retaliate.
4, Peiqia mutual respect.
Remember: guests must not overwhelming and chaotic toast, which is very rude, is very respected owner.
5 - pouring tea
knowledge mentioned here both for customers to company visits, the same also applies to the business table. First, the tea should be clean. The guests came in, let sit back tea. Tea before the tea should be clean, especially the long-unused tea set, it is inevitable stained with dust, dirt, but also to carefully wash with water again. In tea, tea scalded with boiling water until about the best teapots, tea cups. In this way, pay attention to health, but also a ticket. If it does not clean a clean tea, wild tea to the guests, it is impolite performance. People saw the teapot, tea cup stains on the stain for nausea, how would also like to drink your tea? Companies are now generally disposable cup, the tea cups before one-time pay attention to put the cup holder, so heat hot water, so guests temporarily unable to Duanbei tea. Secondly, tea should be adequate. Let me talk about tea, the general should be appropriate. Tea should not be too much, nor too little. Too much tea, tea flavor too thick; tea too little, nothing out of the tea flavor. If customers take the initiative to introduce themselves like the habit of drinking strong tea or weak tea, then the stomach by the mouth of the guests to tea well. Besides tea, whether large or a small cup, are not down too full, too full of easy to overflow the table, stool, floor wet. Not careful, will burn the hands of their own or customers, so that two sides are very embarrassed. Of course, we should not fall too low. If only the cover over bottom of the cup of tea to the guests on the side, will make people think it is putting on an act, not good faith,. Again, some tea to be successfully implemented. In accordance with the traditions of our people, as long as hands are not disabled, the guests are served tea with both hands to the. But now, some young people do not understand the rules, gave the guests tea with one hand trouble. Hands should be very careful for some tea, a cup of the ear cup, usually with a hand cups the ear, boosting the bottom of the cup the other hand, the tea is served to the guests. Not filling the tea cup after cup ear, whole body hot, his hands not close, some comrades just-do, with fingers pinch edges of the cup before the guests get aboard. This method, although some tea can prevent scalding accidents, but it is unsightly, not enough health. Consider the so guests mouth lick master's finger marks, good about it? Tim tea. If your boss and clients need to add a cup of tea, you want the duty to do so. You can add tea waiter hands, or let the waiter leave the teapot on the table, by adding your own is better in person, it is not know what to say when the best way to hide. Of course, Tim tea to the boss and when the first customer Tim tea, and finally give yourself Tim.
6 - leave
general reception and tea for a long time, some have more than two hours. Perhaps visit a few times, knew some people, you will soon want to leave. At this time, leave the middle of some of the techniques, you can not understand. Common to have a party when being heated, because someone wanted to leave, which leads to the results of all agents just quickly disappeared, so that the organizers really anxious hopping. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, when you want to leave halfway, do not ring in and talk to everyone one by one farewell, so long as quietly and around two or three people say hello, and then will leave. Picking up and leaving the reception site, it has to invite you to master that, sorry, can not swiftly disappeared. And greeted the owner, it should go at once, do not talk about pulling a large master poured out the front door. At that the other party to do a lot of the scene there are still many guests waiting for him (her) to say hello, too much time on your master account will result in his (her) in front of other guests rude. Some people attended the reception, tea party, when the half-way ready to leave when one by one asking everyone she knows to not go together. The results have been bustling scenes, she was such a agitation, all of a sudden they finish ahead of the. The downtown market thing, the hardest was the banquet master of understanding, a gracious person, be sure not to commit the clock error.
wine on the table rules:
(a) if they really can not drink it, distinguished from the first bite, holding the food bowl while eating to the folder.
(b) if satisfied that his drink, do not install the ink, then that rules out.
rule one: wine on the table although the
rules II: a low profile and profound knowledge, must not be a charge on the Jiuzhuo to large.
rule three: leadership before their turn drinking each other respect.
rule four: can people respect a person must not be more than one respect, unless you are a leader.
rule five: his respect others, if you do not clink, drink yourself how much can the case may be, such other amount of alcohol, the other drinking attitude, must not drink less than the other, respect their own people to know.
rule six: their respect people, and if the Big Apple one, I finished, you pick, was belly side.
seven rules: his humble position, remember to add the wine to the leadership, not blind to the leadership on behalf of the wine, is to generation, but also looking for someone to do in the leadership, but also because we wanted to pretend he is not drinking In order to give leadership on behalf of the wine and drink. A numerous liquor power such as leadership, respect by beating about the bush to lead a person to prepare stopped.
eight rules: put that glass (beer glass), the right hand briefly Cup, left pad bottom of the cup, remember your cup is always lower than others. If the leadership of their own, got the message point, do not put too low, or how a man called the following?
nine rules: If there are no special characters present, the best time needle touch the wine order, not favoritism.
ten rules: clink, toast, have arguments, or I tmd Why drink your wine?
eleven rules: do not talk business on the desktop, drink well, also about the business, and everyone inside a clear understanding of the heart, otherwise people will not open a drink with you.
second rule: Do not install crooked, says the wrong thing, do something wrong, do not plead self Monastic clincher. Thirteen
rules: If, purely if the encounter would not be enough wine, wine bottle on the middle of the table, people add their own, Do not be silly not to waste one by one pouring, or how the people behind the wine did not do?
fourth rule: there must be a boring final glass of wine, so do not let your glass empty. Not escape the rules ~
fifth: Note you should not drink slip of the tongue, do not brag, do not gaffes, not spittle flying, arbitrary rejection of chopsticks, not fingers disorder refers, soup puff ring, do not fart burp, do not hold back live to the toilet to go, no one stopped you.
sixteen rules: Do not,
rules Seventeen: Leading with your drink, is for you face, how should you drink no matter how much leadership, his first dry for the King, remember ah, my hands, the glass is low.
eighth rule: peanuts for drinking people, is a good thing. Keep a clear head, drink greetings is unavoidable, a cup of yogurt, a cup of hot water, you are obviously a hot towel and caring. If you can not drink one, do not take the initiative to implement a defensive to offensive strategy; 2, table place two large cup, a cup of white wine, a cup of mineral water, take small handless winecup toast, ground water, the wine on the table subject-object 8 minutes of basic drink drunk, you can water on behalf of the wine, take the initiative; 3, toast, do not swallow it immediately, look for opportunities to use napkins Mozui, napkins in the wine spit; 4, eat some of the fat after the class attendance, bottom of starchy foods, drinking is not easy drunk; 5, the rhythm, not all of a sudden became too fierce; 6, do not drink some wine mixed with particularly vulnerable to drunk; 7, leading their food, do not turn Jiuzhuo the middle of the disc, leading you dial a wine on the table and take their food taboo; 8, drink six drunk, put your dish in front of vinegar to drink vinegar, let the waiter added; 9, toast each time when , filling, and then pretended not to predict with confidence handless winecup before drinking, throwing out a number as possible, so that you can not drink too much into a lot of time; 10, put away in front of a half cup of tea before drinking, drunk do not swallow, and quickly picked up the tea Cup, drinking wine spit into the cup effort, changing the water full of spit on the line, it works it!
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banquet etiquette
1, all the joy with the music, should not murmur
most banquet guests have more, some of it should be as much as possible about the topic of most people to participate to get the majority of people. Because of personal interests, knowledge are different, so try not to be too biased topics to avoid conceit, many, Shenkan boundless, the phenomenon appears beside the point, while ignoring the people. In particular, try not to whisper softly ear with people, and give them a sense of mystery, often have a
2, targeting two sides, grasp the overall situation
dinner has a theme that most spending, which is the purpose of drinking. When dinner you should first look around the air of expression, to distinguish between primary and secondary, not simply for drinking and drinking, and lose a good opportunity to make friends, not to upset the hosts some grandstanding drinker means.
3, appropriate language, humor
spilled on the table can show a person's talent, knowledge, training and communication manners, and sometimes a humorous language, will guests impressed, people you virtually have a good impression. Therefore, we should know when to say something, appropriate language, humor is critical.
4, urging people to drink moderately and must not be forced
often run the table in the wine drinks upon the phenomenon, some people always like the wine market when the battlefield, trying to persuade people drink wine, do not drink to the amount that is not really.
5, toast, orderly and prioritized
toast is also a science. Toast under normal circumstances should be age, rank, both sides in order of status, must be fully considered before the toast toast good order, clear priorities. So that people who are not familiar with the drink together, but also pay attention to first inquire about the identity or how other people call, have a number in mind that to avoid embarrassment or hurt feelings of the situation. Be sure to toast a good grasp of the order of toast. Are asking certain guests at the meeting, the doubly deferential to him naturally, but be aware that if the presence of a higher status or older person, you should not only help busy people respectfully, also first Venerable elders to toast, or make everyone embarrassed.
6, the wind blows, in order to understand the people
be in everyone's appreciation of wine on the table, we must learn how the wind blows. About interacting with people, understand people, both ways, to play the role of wine on the table.
7, edge getting shot, sit tight in the banquet feast on Mount
occasion to see the correct valuation of their own strength, do not be too impulsive, liquor power and try to keep some sense of propriety to speak, not to let others look down on himself Do not over to reveal itself, select the appropriate opportunity, and gradually its edge radiation can sit tight in Taishan, not someone else have a
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preparation before drinking:
wine can hurt the liver, which is well known channel, in order to minimize the alcohol on the stomach and liver damage, reduces the incidence of fatty liver. Preparatory work before the wine is very important, which is to ensure that you never drunk wine on the table the key factor. In to dinner before the first bite to eat at home, something a little cushion to the stomach. That specific something to eat then? Generally better to eat high-protein, such as eating two eggs, drink milk, soy milk, as these high-protein foods and alcohol can be combined in the stomach, the reaction to reduce the absorption of alcohol. Also, eat biscuits, cakes, etc. can make the stomach a little something, because an empty stomach drink alcohol in the stomach can easily be absorbed, resulting in easy to drink. Note, do not use salted fish, sausages, bacon drinks, smoked and preserved because these foods contain a lot of pigment and nitrosamines, and alcohol react not only to liver injury, and damage to oral and esophageal mucosa, and even induce cancer. In addition, regular alcohol or those who regularly wine server, you can try some of the methods documented in ancient books. If the Qing Anonymous in the On the other hand shows, the importance of drinking a bite. Before drinking, eat a la carte as possible, then drink, its principles and as said earlier. Fasting is prohibited to drink, easy and drunk, and easy to Shang Wei. Sober up after drinking, after drinking measures, dizziness, headache, vomiting, and even unconscious, intoxicated persons should be subjected to great pain, this time need to sober up as soon as possible to reduce the pain caused by drunkenness, and prevent greater harm that may occur. Hot Tips are here to teach you the method is simple, drinkers according to their own circumstances, to choose their own way, worth a try.
★ ☆ ★ Beverage Service white radish juice: raw white radish, washed juice, a little heat dose, every time a cup, 10 minutes time, three to go to the alcohol solution.
★ ☆ ★ mind eating cabbage: shredded cabbage heart out, not enough to take a two, plus a small amount of sugar and vinegar and mix well pickled thirty-five minutes after the dose, this method soon hangover.
★ ☆ ★ services celery juice: Wash chopped fresh celery juice, drunk as a tea, drink a row three times (every 5 minutes), the headache of brain swelling after drinking blush have effects.
★ ☆ ★ Orange fresh water to drink: 2 two 1 kg of fresh orange Piga, boil water, then add a small amount of salt after shaking drunk as a tea, a cup once, 5 minutes to drink, three bear fruit.
★ ☆ ★ drink green bean juice: green bean 2 two, plus drinks after Shuizhu Shu, decoction with beans. such as green beans mashed with boiled water will have hangover effects. Also how to reduce drunk due to headache, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms? Also introduced the following kinds of food, which is the National Headache Foundation, researchers found, we may as well be a reference:
★ ☆ ★ headache honey drink of water governance: a special kind of honey contains fructose, can promote decomposition of alcohol absorption, reduce headaches, particularly red wine induced headache. In addition, there are hypnotic effects of honey can make people fall asleep quickly, and will not wake up the next day headache.
★ ☆ ★ dizziness after drinking tomato juice governance: a special tomato juice is also rich in fructose, can help promote the breakdown of alcohol, one drink 300 ml or more, feeling dizzy after drinking can gradually disappear. If a small amount of salt before serving, but also help stabilize mood.
★ ☆ ★ drink fresh grapes rule nausea, nausea: If you eat before drinking, but also effective in preventing drunk.
★ ☆ ★ drink watermelon juice governance body heat: watermelon with a can of clearing away heat, can speed up the alcohol from the urine.
★ ☆ ★ elimination of mouth alcohol grapefruit: grapefruit dipped in sugar to eat meat, the elimination of the alcohol drink in the mouth of great help.
★ ☆ ★ drink celery juice treatment of gastrointestinal discomfort, facial redness: This is because the celery is rich in B vitamins, break down alcohol.
★ ☆ ★ yogurt drink irritability Governance: yogurt can protect gastric mucosa, slow alcohol absorption, including calcium rich drink to alleviate irritability particularly effective.
★ ☆ ★ banana drink rule palpitations, chest tightness: drink eat 1-3 bananas, can increase blood glucose levels, reduce the proportion of alcohol in the blood, to achieve the purpose of hangover. At the same time, it can reduce the symptoms of palpitation, chest depressed elimination.
★ ☆ ★ drink olive anorexia treatment: olive sober since ancient times, Qingwei heat, promoting appetite, Thought that tea can sober up, but I do not know, and it was Tan Yin edema. Modern medical research also pointed out that tea will stimulate gastric acid secretion, making it easier for injury to the gastric mucosa of alcohol; the same time, the theophylline in tea and alcohol as causes rapid heart beat, more heavy burden on the heart. Drug sober quite a number of sobering above the current market the drug, such as Sea King Jinzun, ? After all, nothing but the so-called hangover drugs through the following two ways to achieve the purpose of sobering: one can rapidly break down how to make alcohol, the loss of effectiveness, or blocking the absorption of alcohol in the gastrointestinal reducing alcohol into the blood amount, so naturally you can achieve the purpose of sobering up. But, no matter what the hangover medicine, no matter how fantastic their effectiveness are certain side effects, and can not eat, especially for those who often need regular wine server or entertainment people even more so. generally do not eat, because even if you take medicine, alcohol, or entered the body, causing damage to the liver, the best is to drink, to drink when the first while other means to sober up.
care after drunk: drunk who often do not know their own behavior, not to take care of themselves, then as a family or friends must take good care, pay attention to following aspects:
1. drunk persons such as unsteady gait, should be careful not to let it fall, to prevent bruises, or other important parts of the head bump.
2. keep warm, because the decline in physical function drunk, easy to catch cold at this time. Let's head twisted to one side of intoxicated persons to prevent them from vomiting, if vomiting, to clear the mouth vomit, to prevent access to the trachea, causing asphyxia, or pulmonary infection.
3. drink more serious, sober up and can not take goods, you should make it spit out the stomach contents, you can use your fingers, swab, etc. to make it into his throat and vomiting. Necessary, you can use warm water or 2% sodium bicarbonate solution gastric lavage. More serious is quickly call 120 or immediately sent to hospital for treatment
Oh, in China, things to eat are common, but this dinner is often a bad deal, and many of the unspoken rules for you to savor. In order not to make a fool, huh, huh, or an early start to the next as well.
attention to detail:
1 - seating
general, the seating is If the round table, you are on the main passenger door, subject and object about the location of hand, places the distance from the subjective and objective point of view, the more respect for the closer position of subject and object, the same respect from the left on the right. For a square table, if there is on the door of the seat, the door is on the right side of the main bit off. If the errors on the door, then face the right side of the East seat for the chief. If the banquet, the table and pay attention to the table arrangement between the Chief of the top center, followed by 2,4,6 seats left and right for the 3,5,7 seats, according to subject and object identity, status, sit in affinities. If you are a master, you should arrive early and wait in the position near the door, and introduced the guest seat. If you are invitees, then they should listen to host the screening time. Generally, if your boss to attend, you should be directed to the main boss seat, customers the highest level of the main seat on the left sitting position. Unless the leadership of the level of hospitality object is very high.
2 - order
if time permits, you should wait after the majority of the guests in attendance, will be circulated to the menu for guests and ask them to order. Of course, as the official dinner, you will worry about the budget issue, therefore, to control the budget, your most important thing is to do more homework before dinner, select the appropriate grade is more important to treat location, so guests can greatly understand you budget. Moreover, in general, if you will pay is not very nerve guests a la carte, will allow you to decide. If your boss is also the dinner, do not because of respect for him, or that his entertainment experience, catering to eat more, and let him / her to order, unless he / she volunteered. Otherwise, he will not feel decent. If you are a person dinner, you should know when you should not be too active in the order, but to enable the owner to order. If the other kind requirements, you can point a not too expensive, but not all the food taboos. I remember the views of people consulted about the table, in particular, ask, A la carte, you can consult When ordering, be sure to know what.
when ordering, according to the following three rules:
First, look at personnel. In general, per capita food is more of a general rule. If more men may be appropriate to increase the amount of dinner.
Second, look at food combinations. In general, the table is better to have dirty dishes well-established, a cold hot, try to make it comprehensive. If the table more than men, some meat or fish can be more, if the President more, you can channel light a few more vegetables.
Third, look at the importance of dinner. If an ordinary business dinner, an average of a dish in about 50 yuan to 80 yuan acceptable. If the object of the dinner is more key, then the weight is enough to point a few dishes, such as lobster, saury, anchovy, and then to the specifications that are abalone, fin powder.
Another point to note is that should not be asked the waiter when ordering food prices, or the bargain, which would allow your company in front of customers is a little petty, but customers will feel uncomfortable.
with: a la carte Chinese food guide - three excellent standard of four-bogey
Chinese dinner meal, usually, first on the cold, followed by hot dishes, followed by a main course, dessert and soup and then on, if feeling a little tired of eating, you can order some dessert, and finally the fruit. In order to take into account the various procedures in the dishes. Dishes
a priority, with the characteristics of Chinese food dishes. Hosted foreign guests of the time, this one should pay more attention. Such as fried spring rolls, boiled Lantern, steamed son, lion head, kung pao chicken, etc., not food delicious, but because with distinct Chinese characteristics, so admired by many foreigners.
Second, there are local characteristics of the dishes. Such as steamed mutton in Xi'an, Hunan, Mao Pork, stewed lion head in Shanghai, Beijing, a choice of lamb, where the dinner guests outside, on the dishes, probably more than the monotony of seafood received.
Third, the restaurant's specialties. Many restaurants have their own specialties. On a specialty of the restaurant, telling the owner of the care and respect for those who were invited.
in arranging the menu, guests of the diet must also be considered taboo, especially for the guest of honor of any dietary restrictions attention.
these dietary taboos are four:
1. Religious dietary restrictions, that can not be negligent. For example, Muslims usually do not eat pork, and do not drink. Buddhists eat Hunxing domestic food, it not only refers to the meat, but also onions, garlic, leeks, mustard and other pungent food. Some believe in the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy in the diet is especially forbidden to eat beef, which points to serve Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese compatriots in particular should pay attention to when.
2. For health reasons, for some food, have also been taboo. For example, heart disease, cerebral vascular, vein sclerosis, hypertension and stroke sequelae, not suitable for eating dog meat, lamb and turtle Jichi patients with hepatitis, gastroenteritis, gastric ulcer and other digestive diseases, people are not suitable to eat turtles, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, less chicken soup and so on.
3. Different regions, people's food preferences are often different. For this, take into account when arranging the menu. For example, in Hunan province who generally like spicy foods, eat less sweets. Anglo-American countries usually do not eat pets, rare animals, animal offal, animal's head and claws. In addition, the dinner with foreign guests, try to be less rigid grazing dishes, foreigners will not bite in the meal in the mouth and then spit out the food, it also needs to take into account.
4. Some occupations, for some reason, often in the dining areas have their own different special taboo. For example, the civil servants in the performance of official duties are not allowed to accept an invitation to dinner, eating and drinking are not allowed in the official dinner, no more than the national standard meal, are not allowed to drink alcohol. Again, the driver shall not drink alcohol during the work. If overlooked this point, there is likely to make mistakes the other side.
3 - bite
Chinese people are generally very particular about food, but also very particular about eating phase. As more and more attention workplace etiquette, business dining table eating and eating phase and more stress. Following the lunch, for example, teach you how polite at the dinner table with instrument handy. The beginning of lunch banquet meal, the waiter brought a wet towel is a towel first, do not use it to wipe her face. On lobster, chicken, fruit, will give her a little water, Bangladesh, in which floating lemon slice twist or rose petals, it is not drink, but hand-washing purposes. Wash your hands, you can turn his hands wet fingers, gently rinsed, and then with a small towel. Meal should pay attention to courtesy and manners. Do not repeatedly advised of the foreign guests food, Chinese food can be introduced to each other's characteristics, to eat do not eat by him. Some people like to dish to persuade others, even for the other bowl. Foreign guests do not have this habit, if you politely again, maybe people will resent: If you wait for someone else to their own dish cloth, it had to Russia and stomach. Guests sat at the table, do not immediately hands feeding. The owner should be greeted by the owner to indicate the beginning of a toast, the guests can begin; guests can not grab the front of the owner. Take their food to civilization, and should be in front of other dishes to their own, and then Dongkuaizi, do not grab the front next to him, one and take their food and it is not too much. To eat slowly, which is not only conducive to digestion, but also table etiquette requirements. Must not be large mouths, gobble, so, can leave the impression of greed. Do not picky eaters, do not just stare at you like Levin to eat, or hurried to favorite dishes piled up in your own plate. Action to be elegant dining, sitting next to the folder not to touch when Levin, not to plate the food appropriated table, not the soup spilled. Do not make unnecessary sounds such as the soup Do not just eat, side and someone to talk to. Mouth of the bones and fishbone not spit on the table, napkins are available hush, taken out on the dish with chopsticks. Out the food on the table, do not eat. Do not play with dishes during a meal, or with chopsticks straight people. Do not pull a hand to mouth disorder. Teeth with a toothpick, apply hand or napkin cover your mouth. Do not let dishes make a sound. After the meal, you can use napkins, napkin or small towel attendant wiped his mouth sent, but should not rub head and neck or chest; uncontrolled postprandial do not burp or belch; not signal the end of the host, guests can not be first leave.
4 - to drink
the saying goes, Yue Heyue wine is thick, but there are a lot of knowledge wine on the table pay attention to, the following summarizes some of the wine on the table you have to pay attention to small details.
details are: leadership toast each other drinking before their turn. Toast have to stand up, his hands in a toast.
details of the two: can people respect a person must not be more than one respect, unless you are a leader.
details of the three: their respect to others, if you do not clink, drink yourself how much can the case may be, such other amount of alcohol, the other drinking attitude, must not drink less than the other, respect their own people to know.
details of the four: his respect people, and if the Big Apple one, I finished, you pick, was magnanimous side.
details of the five: remember to add liquor to the leaders or customers, do not blind to the leadership on behalf of the wine, is to generation, but also in leadership or on behalf of clients looking for someone to do but also pretending that he is not because you want to drink In order to give leadership on behalf of the wine and drink. A numerous liquor power such as leadership, respect by beating about the bush to lead a person to prepare stopped.
details of the six: put that glass (beer glass), the right hand briefly Cup, left pad bottom of the cup, remember your cup is always lower than others. If the leadership of their own, got the message point, do not put too low, or how a man called the following?
details of the seven: no special characters if the presence of needle touch the wine the best order of time, not favoritism.
details of the eight: clink, toast, have arguments, or I tmd Why drink your wine?
details of the nine: the desktop does not do business, drink well, also about the business, and everyone inside a clear understanding of the heart, otherwise people will not open a drink with you.
details of the ten: if, purely if the encounter would not be enough wine, wine bottle on the middle of the table, people add their own, Do not be silly not to waste one by one pouring, or how the people behind the wine do not ?
on toast:
1, owner of the guest of honor King.
2, Peiqia King guest of honor.
3, the guest of honor retaliate.
4, Peiqia mutual respect.
Remember: guests must not overwhelming and chaotic toast, which is very rude, is very respected owner.
5 - pouring tea
knowledge mentioned here both for customers to company visits, the same also applies to the business table. First, the tea should be clean. The guests came in, let sit back tea. Tea before the tea should be clean, especially the long-unused tea set, it is inevitable stained with dust, dirt, but also to carefully wash with water again. In tea, tea scalded with boiling water until about the best teapots, tea cups. In this way, pay attention to health, but also a ticket. If it does not clean a clean tea, wild tea to the guests, it is impolite performance. People saw the teapot, tea cup stains on the stain for nausea, how would also like to drink your tea? Companies are now generally disposable cup, the tea cups before one-time pay attention to put the cup holder, so heat hot water, so guests temporarily unable to Duanbei tea. Secondly, tea should be adequate. Let me talk about tea, the general should be appropriate. Tea should not be too much, nor too little. Too much tea, tea flavor too thick; tea too little, nothing out of the tea flavor. If customers take the initiative to introduce themselves like the habit of drinking strong tea or weak tea, then the stomach by the mouth of the guests to tea well. Besides tea, whether large or a small cup, are not down too full, too full of easy to overflow the table, stool, floor wet. Not careful, will burn the hands of their own or customers, so that two sides are very embarrassed. Of course, we should not fall too low. If only the cover over bottom of the cup of tea to the guests on the side, will make people think it is putting on an act, not good faith,. Again, some tea to be successfully implemented. In accordance with the traditions of our people, as long as hands are not disabled, the guests are served tea with both hands to the. But now, some young people do not understand the rules, gave the guests tea with one hand trouble. Hands should be very careful for some tea, a cup of the ear cup, usually with a hand cups the ear, boosting the bottom of the cup the other hand, the tea is served to the guests. Not filling the tea cup after cup ear, whole body hot, his hands not close, some comrades just-do, with fingers pinch edges of the cup before the guests get aboard. This method, although some tea can prevent scalding accidents, but it is unsightly, not enough health. Consider the so guests mouth lick master's finger marks, good about it? Tim tea. If your boss and clients need to add a cup of tea, you want the duty to do so. You can add tea waiter hands, or let the waiter leave the teapot on the table, by adding your own is better in person, it is not know what to say when the best way to hide. Of course, Tim tea to the boss and when the first customer Tim tea, and finally give yourself Tim.
6 - leave
general reception and tea for a long time, some have more than two hours. Perhaps visit a few times, knew some people, you will soon want to leave. At this time, leave the middle of some of the techniques, you can not understand. Common to have a party when being heated, because someone wanted to leave, which leads to the results of all agents just quickly disappeared, so that the organizers really anxious hopping. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, when you want to leave halfway, do not ring in and talk to everyone one by one farewell, so long as quietly and around two or three people say hello, and then will leave. Picking up and leaving the reception site, it has to invite you to master that, sorry, can not swiftly disappeared. And greeted the owner, it should go at once, do not talk about pulling a large master poured out the front door. At that the other party to do a lot of the scene there are still many guests waiting for him (her) to say hello, too much time on your master account will result in his (her) in front of other guests rude. Some people attended the reception, tea party, when the half-way ready to leave when one by one asking everyone she knows to not go together. The results have been bustling scenes, she was such a agitation, all of a sudden they finish ahead of the. The downtown market thing, the hardest was the banquet master of understanding, a gracious person, be sure not to commit the clock error.
wine on the table rules:
(a) if they really can not drink it, distinguished from the first bite, holding the food bowl while eating to the folder.
(b) if satisfied that his drink, do not install the ink, then that rules out.
rule one: wine on the table although the
rules II: a low profile and profound knowledge, must not be a charge on the Jiuzhuo to large.
rule three: leadership before their turn drinking each other respect.
rule four: can people respect a person must not be more than one respect, unless you are a leader.
rule five: his respect others, if you do not clink, drink yourself how much can the case may be, such other amount of alcohol, the other drinking attitude, must not drink less than the other, respect their own people to know.
rule six: their respect people, and if the Big Apple one, I finished, you pick, was belly side.
seven rules: his humble position, remember to add the wine to the leadership, not blind to the leadership on behalf of the wine, is to generation, but also looking for someone to do in the leadership, but also because we wanted to pretend he is not drinking In order to give leadership on behalf of the wine and drink. A numerous liquor power such as leadership, respect by beating about the bush to lead a person to prepare stopped.
eight rules: put that glass (beer glass), the right hand briefly Cup, left pad bottom of the cup, remember your cup is always lower than others. If the leadership of their own, got the message point, do not put too low, or how a man called the following?
nine rules: If there are no special characters present, the best time needle touch the wine order, not favoritism.
ten rules: clink, toast, have arguments, or I tmd Why drink your wine?
eleven rules: do not talk business on the desktop, drink well, also about the business, and everyone inside a clear understanding of the heart, otherwise people will not open a drink with you.
second rule: Do not install crooked, says the wrong thing, do something wrong, do not plead self Monastic clincher. Thirteen
rules: If, purely if the encounter would not be enough wine, wine bottle on the middle of the table, people add their own, Do not be silly not to waste one by one pouring, or how the people behind the wine did not do?
fourth rule: there must be a boring final glass of wine, so do not let your glass empty. Not escape the rules ~
fifth: Note you should not drink slip of the tongue, do not brag, do not gaffes, not spittle flying, arbitrary rejection of chopsticks, not fingers disorder refers, soup puff ring, do not fart burp, do not hold back live to the toilet to go, no one stopped you.
sixteen rules: Do not,
rules Seventeen: Leading with your drink, is for you face, how should you drink no matter how much leadership, his first dry for the King, remember ah, my hands, the glass is low.
eighth rule: peanuts for drinking people, is a good thing. Keep a clear head, drink greetings is unavoidable, a cup of yogurt, a cup of hot water, you are obviously a hot towel and caring. If you can not drink one, do not take the initiative to implement a defensive to offensive strategy; 2, table place two large cup, a cup of white wine, a cup of mineral water, take small handless winecup toast, ground water, the wine on the table subject-object 8 minutes of basic drink drunk, you can water on behalf of the wine, take the initiative; 3, toast, do not swallow it immediately, look for opportunities to use napkins Mozui, napkins in the wine spit; 4, eat some of the fat after the class attendance, bottom of starchy foods, drinking is not easy drunk; 5, the rhythm, not all of a sudden became too fierce; 6, do not drink some wine mixed with particularly vulnerable to drunk; 7, leading their food, do not turn Jiuzhuo the middle of the disc, leading you dial a wine on the table and take their food taboo; 8, drink six drunk, put your dish in front of vinegar to drink vinegar, let the waiter added; 9, toast each time when , filling, and then pretended not to predict with confidence handless winecup before drinking, throwing out a number as possible, so that you can not drink too much into a lot of time; 10, put away in front of a half cup of tea before drinking, drunk do not swallow, and quickly picked up the tea Cup, drinking wine spit into the cup effort, changing the water full of spit on the line, it works it!
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banquet etiquette
1, all the joy with the music, should not murmur
most banquet guests have more, some of it should be as much as possible about the topic of most people to participate to get the majority of people. Because of personal interests, knowledge are different, so try not to be too biased topics to avoid conceit, many, Shenkan boundless, the phenomenon appears beside the point, while ignoring the people. In particular, try not to whisper softly ear with people, and give them a sense of mystery, often have a
2, targeting two sides, grasp the overall situation
dinner has a theme that most spending, which is the purpose of drinking. When dinner you should first look around the air of expression, to distinguish between primary and secondary, not simply for drinking and drinking, and lose a good opportunity to make friends, not to upset the hosts some grandstanding drinker means.
3, appropriate language, humor
spilled on the table can show a person's talent, knowledge, training and communication manners, and sometimes a humorous language, will guests impressed, people you virtually have a good impression. Therefore, we should know when to say something, appropriate language, humor is critical.
4, urging people to drink moderately and must not be forced
often run the table in the wine drinks upon the phenomenon, some people always like the wine market when the battlefield, trying to persuade people drink wine, do not drink to the amount that is not really.
5, toast, orderly and prioritized
toast is also a science. Toast under normal circumstances should be age, rank, both sides in order of status, must be fully considered before the toast toast good order, clear priorities. So that people who are not familiar with the drink together, but also pay attention to first inquire about the identity or how other people call, have a number in mind that to avoid embarrassment or hurt feelings of the situation. Be sure to toast a good grasp of the order of toast. Are asking certain guests at the meeting, the doubly deferential to him naturally, but be aware that if the presence of a higher status or older person, you should not only help busy people respectfully, also first Venerable elders to toast, or make everyone embarrassed.
6, the wind blows, in order to understand the people
be in everyone's appreciation of wine on the table, we must learn how the wind blows. About interacting with people, understand people, both ways, to play the role of wine on the table.
7, edge getting shot, sit tight in the banquet feast on Mount
occasion to see the correct valuation of their own strength, do not be too impulsive, liquor power and try to keep some sense of propriety to speak, not to let others look down on himself Do not over to reveal itself, select the appropriate opportunity, and gradually its edge radiation can sit tight in Taishan, not someone else have a
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preparation before drinking:
wine can hurt the liver, which is well known channel, in order to minimize the alcohol on the stomach and liver damage, reduces the incidence of fatty liver. Preparatory work before the wine is very important, which is to ensure that you never drunk wine on the table the key factor. In to dinner before the first bite to eat at home, something a little cushion to the stomach. That specific something to eat then? Generally better to eat high-protein, such as eating two eggs, drink milk, soy milk, as these high-protein foods and alcohol can be combined in the stomach, the reaction to reduce the absorption of alcohol. Also, eat biscuits, cakes, etc. can make the stomach a little something, because an empty stomach drink alcohol in the stomach can easily be absorbed, resulting in easy to drink. Note, do not use salted fish, sausages, bacon drinks, smoked and preserved because these foods contain a lot of pigment and nitrosamines, and alcohol react not only to liver injury, and damage to oral and esophageal mucosa, and even induce cancer. In addition, regular alcohol or those who regularly wine server, you can try some of the methods documented in ancient books. If the Qing Anonymous in the On the other hand shows, the importance of drinking a bite. Before drinking, eat a la carte as possible, then drink, its principles and as said earlier. Fasting is prohibited to drink, easy and drunk, and easy to Shang Wei. Sober up after drinking, after drinking measures, dizziness, headache, vomiting, and even unconscious, intoxicated persons should be subjected to great pain, this time need to sober up as soon as possible to reduce the pain caused by drunkenness, and prevent greater harm that may occur. Hot Tips are here to teach you the method is simple, drinkers according to their own circumstances, to choose their own way, worth a try.
★ ☆ ★ Beverage Service white radish juice: raw white radish, washed juice, a little heat dose, every time a cup, 10 minutes time, three to go to the alcohol solution.
★ ☆ ★ mind eating cabbage: shredded cabbage heart out, not enough to take a two, plus a small amount of sugar and vinegar and mix well pickled thirty-five minutes after the dose, this method soon hangover.
★ ☆ ★ services celery juice: Wash chopped fresh celery juice, drunk as a tea, drink a row three times (every 5 minutes), the headache of brain swelling after drinking blush have effects.
★ ☆ ★ Orange fresh water to drink: 2 two 1 kg of fresh orange Piga, boil water, then add a small amount of salt after shaking drunk as a tea, a cup once, 5 minutes to drink, three bear fruit.
★ ☆ ★ drink green bean juice: green bean 2 two, plus drinks after Shuizhu Shu, decoction with beans. such as green beans mashed with boiled water will have hangover effects. Also how to reduce drunk due to headache, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms? Also introduced the following kinds of food, which is the National Headache Foundation, researchers found, we may as well be a reference:
★ ☆ ★ headache honey drink of water governance: a special kind of honey contains fructose, can promote decomposition of alcohol absorption, reduce headaches, particularly red wine induced headache. In addition, there are hypnotic effects of honey can make people fall asleep quickly, and will not wake up the next day headache.
★ ☆ ★ dizziness after drinking tomato juice governance: a special tomato juice is also rich in fructose, can help promote the breakdown of alcohol, one drink 300 ml or more, feeling dizzy after drinking can gradually disappear. If a small amount of salt before serving, but also help stabilize mood.
★ ☆ ★ drink fresh grapes rule nausea, nausea: If you eat before drinking, but also effective in preventing drunk.
★ ☆ ★ drink watermelon juice governance body heat: watermelon with a can of clearing away heat, can speed up the alcohol from the urine.
★ ☆ ★ elimination of mouth alcohol grapefruit: grapefruit dipped in sugar to eat meat, the elimination of the alcohol drink in the mouth of great help.
★ ☆ ★ drink celery juice treatment of gastrointestinal discomfort, facial redness: This is because the celery is rich in B vitamins, break down alcohol.
★ ☆ ★ yogurt drink irritability Governance: yogurt can protect gastric mucosa, slow alcohol absorption, including calcium rich drink to alleviate irritability particularly effective.
★ ☆ ★ banana drink rule palpitations, chest tightness: drink eat 1-3 bananas, can increase blood glucose levels, reduce the proportion of alcohol in the blood, to achieve the purpose of hangover. At the same time, it can reduce the symptoms of palpitation, chest depressed elimination.
★ ☆ ★ drink olive anorexia treatment: olive sober since ancient times, Qingwei heat, promoting appetite, Thought that tea can sober up, but I do not know, and it was Tan Yin edema. Modern medical research also pointed out that tea will stimulate gastric acid secretion, making it easier for injury to the gastric mucosa of alcohol; the same time, the theophylline in tea and alcohol as causes rapid heart beat, more heavy burden on the heart. Drug sober quite a number of sobering above the current market the drug, such as Sea King Jinzun, ? After all, nothing but the so-called hangover drugs through the following two ways to achieve the purpose of sobering: one can rapidly break down how to make alcohol, the loss of effectiveness, or blocking the absorption of alcohol in the gastrointestinal reducing alcohol into the blood amount, so naturally you can achieve the purpose of sobering up. But, no matter what the hangover medicine, no matter how fantastic their effectiveness are certain side effects, and can not eat, especially for those who often need regular wine server or entertainment people even more so. generally do not eat, because even if you take medicine, alcohol, or entered the body, causing damage to the liver, the best is to drink, to drink when the first while other means to sober up.
care after drunk: drunk who often do not know their own behavior, not to take care of themselves, then as a family or friends must take good care, pay attention to following aspects:
1. drunk persons such as unsteady gait, should be careful not to let it fall, to prevent bruises, or other important parts of the head bump.
2. keep warm, because the decline in physical function drunk, easy to catch cold at this time. Let's head twisted to one side of intoxicated persons to prevent them from vomiting, if vomiting, to clear the mouth vomit, to prevent access to the trachea, causing asphyxia, or pulmonary infection.
3. drink more serious, sober up and can not take goods, you should make it spit out the stomach contents, you can use your fingers, swab, etc. to make it into his throat and vomiting. Necessary, you can use warm water or 2% sodium bicarbonate solution gastric lavage. More serious is quickly call 120 or immediately sent to hospital for treatment
Thursday, May 19, 2011
Called their simple life
Four boys & girls live under one roof , among them three beautiful women are single , the original beauties are unhappy marriage ( because want to find a better partner) , their lives are very simple, are two points per line , in addition to To work , other times are at home (last night boys & girls were fascinated by the drama .) Called the first ( married) is the simplest of her life , in addition to busy work , the home cook meal that is ( a good cook ), shower laundry to sleep (which is one of the first night ) , only I let her think it was worried about her son now . The second and third two single beauties super good cook , work is not too busy to work every day can be normal , occasionally play to play, with my friends about . the fourth of her Called Work is a busy , sometimes often work overtime, may occasionally be a time to spend with friends to meet it ( you can still cook it ), she likes to wear different clothes every day , feel good to make them look OK. Called whenever the four together for dinner at home , doing film, television and other such scenes in front of everyone will be amused when , because of the beautiful women who look good why life is so? boys & girls who want to get married They still have not encountered people who wanted to marry , come on boys & girls, who , being on the front . Oh ......
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
No matter what profession you learn , how much you should understand what these management
【Butterfly Effect frog phenomenon】 【】 【】 【catfish crocodile effect of law herding】 【】 【】 【watch Law hedgehog rules】 【Broken Window Theory
twenty-eight Law】 【】 【】 【Matthew Barrel Theory logical effects】 【】 【duty to spread the cage effect of Parkinson's law】 【】 【halo effect
Hawthorne effect】 【】 【】 【learned helplessness test the memory of witnesses, Rosenthal Effect】 【】 【】
------------------------------------------ false share deviation -------------------------------------------------- ---------< br> 【】
Butterfly Effect Butterfly Effect: 70s of last century, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of the air, said Amazon Occasionally, a butterfly wing vibration rainforest, perhaps in two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to enlarge after its future status will cause a very great difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important to not confused.
today's business, its fate is also subject to the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the brand consumption, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these intangible factors will be their choice.bits are not satisfied, so you can only 1% of arrogance, said the failure, but for the customers, he gets 100% is not satisfied. times even more effort to remedy.
today, enabling enterprises to change the fate of the , sit and worry-free corporate monopoly growing trend micro, open competition so that enterprises have to consider all potential factors that affect development.
streamlining, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to give more and more people away from the traditional security, is followed to decide on their own fate. The combination of organizational and individual freedom is the result: Who can capture the good life
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phenomenon】 【
frog frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the pot, because of its adverse reactions are very sensitive environment, it will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been too late, or there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause deadly it is in the feel-good circumstances, the gradual deterioration of the actual situation, there is no clear detection.
revelation is this: the survival of our organization and the main threat to society, not from sudden events but by slow and gradual process and can not detect the formation. It short-sighted, only to see local, but can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face, quiet place for a big change, but can not detect, and ultimately will bring us even more serious harm! ~
Revelation of the second is: the frog, as if all living things in our lives, we must look to the future, diligent in thinking of new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, can not be too and
The third revelation is: today's society is a knowledge explosion, the ever-changing, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, lazy, so go on, certainly eliminated by the times, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment!
revelation of the four is: We do not simply, only the face of sudden danger, to the neglect of that tiny little slow and dangerous, because that tiny little slow and dangerous, is the most fear!
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crocodile alligator law rule: its intent is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break your legs, crocodile will bite your legs while and hand. The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the event crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading in the direction away from the market, must immediately stop, without any delay and shall not have any luck.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> 【Effect】
before catfish, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be the small fish found in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not die.
When an organization working to achieve a more stable state, often means lower employee motivation, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one enterprise to continue to add new blood to bring those vibrant, quick thinking, a new force of young and even the introduction of workforce management, to those complacent, lazy staff and bureaucratic conformist competitive pressure to raise The second is to continue to introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management concepts, so as to enable enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and adaptability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive mechanism, capable of enabling, leadership changes and so on. But I think that catfish effect analysis and application of far more than this. Different perspective of thinking, discover and solve the problem is different.
First, if the representative body catfish leader.
leaders influence others to complete the task that the individual or collective, in the flat box of sardines, sardines, a symbol of a group of highly homogeneous group, similar to their level of skills, lack of innovation and initiative , overstaffing, inefficiency, and the whole organization is a bloated state, and leader of the arrival of catfish (or catfish evolved within the sardines), new broom sweeps clean, discipline, standardize systems, transformation process rational allocation of jobs and people, financial, material, business has been gradual improvement in the organization, cut down costs, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, driven away, has been capability of sardines a positive incentive, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the vitality of the entire organization are mobilized, so that the collective power of more powerful, dominate the market, maintain market have a solid foundation .
From this perspective, catfish leaders should have the following characteristics:
1 - act decisively, resolutely: rapid detection of diseases where the stagnant organization, and be able to cut the Gordian knot, quickly and effectively solve the problem.
2 - their words, the strong style of work: scientific decision-making and to oversee the implementation of decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, create an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and allocation, assessment and other aspects of compensation design and reflects the innovative thinking, reflecting the benefits of innovation.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, can foresee the direction of organizational development and human resources and the future of the existing gap, which can effectively identify future talent, cut off the drag is not suitable for Organizational Development personnel.
5 - System Perspective, dare to change: the ability to observe the inside and outside the organization system from the system changes in the structure and function, we should not only regard themselves as part of the organization (as opposed to fishermen, who are themselves leading catfish, sardines, fisherman before the leader), and should see itself as a leader in the small system, they can bring the staff to open the situation, break the routine, making good benefits.
for leadership in the leadership struggle for the common goal of employee groups, if there are catfish characteristics of the leader, then the way to survive is in motion, to stimulate their energy, at least to synchronous speed and catfish and to ensure the same direction (business goals), so as not to be eaten catfish to catch up, or pushed by other sardines last suffocated.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a member of the team.
then it means that new, strange, different, including different views, different behaviors, different habits, because different, will inspire wisdom, a team needs different personalities, different skills and different work experience people to join, if you are the all-employees, then the team have smart ideas, the possibility of producing high performance is minimal. In the focus on team building, communication to the team today, appropriate to attract catfish to join the team, will give the team a lively working atmosphere, bringing innovation and bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, all catfish, then the whole team will be exist, the whole team to foul, so some Japanese companies believe in truth. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the shape, the other employees deal with the team in the catfish, it should work on the basis of their cooperation.
Again, if catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
now in many companies, organizational structure and design of a process of transformation is still a major issue, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, monotonous boring job content so that people feel like a bucket of sardines crowded as there is no passion, do not want to post more, think more in improvements, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment catfish effect applied to job design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is obvious. How restless, passionate work of catfish into the pool of stagnant water in it? This is a difficult learning, it was argued from the horizontal and vertical expansion of the scope of work, deepening the work content, for employees to experience the wealth of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging and exciting nature of work excitement and desire; was suggested that the way growth in the use of staff rotation ability, so that they work more joy catfish swim; I maintain that while the application of these measures should focus on the character of people and job matching, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines, sardines things to do, post in the work only to have the content of catfish also work with the content of sardine, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, look at those work that allows them to generate power and passion catfish, and only matches the after effects of catfish can play its role, or catfish, although work is set, only to discover that the work of the staff can not be moved, fighting for, then this catfish has become a dead fish.
From this perspective, the work represents the rich catfish work content, Zequan Li is exciting, challenging job expectations, fresh experience of the other posts and so on. For leaders and human resource managers, whether at work setting catfish work, what level to set in work catfish, will be an organization's strategy.
summary, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be the catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization, do not swim back, or else there is the danger of being eaten, always full of passion to the upstream and perhaps one day you become a catfish to catch up fighting a group of sardines; your colleagues may be catfish, then, and his Competition Competition see who is more energy somersault; your catfish may also be lower, it grew at the same time to motivate subordinates, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development momentum, otherwise you risk being eaten by subordinates ; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable arrangements for their own work, prioritize, work catfish swim to the more joy, it is best to stir up work on some level.
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herding herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and imitation phenomenon, the same stock.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a stick in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the past, in the second, the third will follow the jump; time , the withdrawal of the stick, behind the sheep, walked here, and still the same as the sheep in front of upward jump, despite the roadblocks of the stick no longer exist, this is called . Refers to the management of some enterprises in the market behavior of a common phenomenon. It is due to insufficient information and lack of understanding of the market difficult for investors to make reasonable uncertainty about the future expectations, often by observing the behavior of people around the extraction of information, the continuous transmission of this information, Many people will be roughly the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herding.
herd behavior is the field of behavioral finance as a typical phenomenon in the mainstream financial theory can not explain. Economics often use Sheep is a very scattered organization, usually with the left and right is blind hit, but once there was a sheep to move, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf or near the front may have at a better grass. Therefore, the
the emergence of herding in general a very competitive industry, but also the industry has a leader (leader) occupies the main focus, then the entire flock will continue to imitate the leader's stroke a move, the leader where to go
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hedgehog hedgehog law rule: two sleepy hedgehog, as cold and owned together. May be because their body is long with spines, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has finally found a suitable distance: both with each other to obtain the other's warm and was not subject to bar.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and consultants, think tanks and their relations staff. In his ten years of presidential years, he's the Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other private consultants and think tanks, no one's working years to more than two years. His newly appointed chief of staff always say: requirements. This provision is based on two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is normal, while the fixation is not normal. This is subject to the impact of military practice, since the army is moving, not always fixed in one place troops. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and to live the leader, he does not allow the people around me never leave. Only to mobilize in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure consultants and staff with fresh thinking and determination and full of vitality, it can eliminate the old course of time their use of consultants and staff on behalf of the President and the Government malpractice.
Charles de Gaulle's approach is thought-provoking and admiration. There is no sense of distance, leading policy-making over-reliance on the Secretary or a few people, easy to make interference in domestic affairs think tank personnel, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally pulled into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very dangerous. Comparing the two, or better to maintain a certain distance.
former president of General Electric Company, Stone note in their work very personally hedgehog theory, especially in the treatment of middle and senior management on even more so. And treatment in the workplace issues, Stone never mean the care of executives, but in their spare time, he never asked for a guest home manager, never accepted their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, it will make you and the staff were confused identity. This is one of the best managed state. Maintained by a certain distance to maintain the principle, this principle of equal treatment for all: both leaders bound themselves, but can be bound by employees. Grasp this principle, it mastered the secret of successful management.
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watch watch Law Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know what time it is, and when he has two not being able to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not be used with two different methods, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or personal loss.
story
monkeys and table a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun rises every day they go out foraging, when the sun back to rest, My life was dull and happy.
a tourist through the forest, to watch a tree fall on the rocks by monkeys in the Smart Meng may
do the Monkey King, Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But soon, the new Monkey King is also facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch give us a very intuitive law of inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, otherwise it will make a loss; for a person can not choose between two different values Otherwise, his behavior will be disrupted.
a person can not by two or more people to the command, otherwise the person will know what to do; for a business, is not at the same time using two different methods of management, or will not develop this enterprise.
in this regard with the Time Warner AOL merger is a typical failure case. America Online is a young Internet company, corporate culture emphasized operational flexibility, rapid decision-making, quick to seize the market require that all the objectives for the service. Time Warner to build long-term process of development emphasizes the integrity of the channel and innovative corporate culture.
two companies after the merger, corporate senior management and is not a good solution to the conflict in two kinds of values, resulting in staff completely confuse the direction of future development of enterprises. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century marriage ended in failure. It also indicates that, to figure out the time, a travel time table accurate enough.
select only you think is right
two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time. You have to do is to select the more reliable one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: your choice However, many people are troubled, they were
or others in the environment also under pressure against one chose the path I did not like, and therefore depressed life. Even if the person has achieved remarkable success by also never felt the joy of success.
in real life, we often encounter a similar situation. Elective courses such as the two are you are interested in, but teaching time coincidence, and you do not have enough energy to learn another two courses, this time it is hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
career, the location, no clear winner of the two treatment units, you will go from here? Every crossroads in life, we must face the
choice in the face of conflicts, we recommend using The so-called
Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear reason, but through psychological unconscious, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in fact, we often say the first impression.
core philosophy: more choices, more standards will make people confused.
Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose, the place is put.
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broken window theory Broken Windows Theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to fix it, repeat it soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if there is Some graffiti has not been cleansed, and soon, on the wall covered with a mess of things unsightly; a very clean place, people are embarrassed to rubbish, litter on the ground but once there, the people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed.
Broken Windows Theory 1
also called Bastiat as the target of criticism at home and summed up, saw the famous article, The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window glass, which would make the installation of glass and glass production people started to promote social employment.
Here, scholars to illustrate the children's behavior and the behavior of the government could have consequences, thus completely negating the Keynesian policy of government intervention. The release of this fallacy in the flood, put the earthquakes, put the in the war, it seems very appropriate.
also called the Broken Windows Theory 2
broken window broken window effect, if not repaired, will lead to more broken windows, or even the whole building to be demolished. By the American political scientist and criminologist Karen Wilson observation summary of the
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Law】 【twenty-eight
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important and only a small part, about 20%, though the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not mean to analyze, process and look at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to identify those who can provide a 80% profit, but only 20% of total key customers, to enhance its services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification analysis, it is necessary to solve the main effort on key issues, focus on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people make money with a neck over ------- -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking, negative thinking
20% of people who buy time ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% -------------- 80% of people dominated by people who dominated
20% of the people to do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people value experience -------------- 80% of people attach importance to education
20% of people believe that actions have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how to do it I ------ 80% of the money I want money I have on how to do
20 % of people love to invest 80% of people ---------------- love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people searching for answers in the question -------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the immediate
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% -------------- people plan for the future 80% of people only think of the morning doing
20% today, according to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% people according to their own wishes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people tomorrow, things to do today ------ 80% of people do today, tomorrow, who do
20% 80% ------------ How can the people do not do
20 % of people taking notes ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good 80% of people who
20% of people affected by the success of 80% -------- people affected by the failure of people who state
20% -------------- 80% good bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed - ------------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never praise, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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barrel Barrel Theory Theory: The composition of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but it depends on the shortest piece of wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, the same must be flush with each board and no damage, if only in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing following a break hole, this barrel can not be filled with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket no matter how high, its water storage is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
principle known as buckets or short plate theory, buckets short board management theory, the so-called depends on the highest piece of wood on the sides of casks, but rather depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content, Second, as long as the bucket, there are a sufficient height, a bucket of water can not be full.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Matthew】 【
Matthew: he has will be taken from him. Its name comes from the Bible
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Logic】 【
hanging cages a beautiful cage in the room where the most prominent, a few days, the owner will make one of the following two choices: throw the cage out, or buy a bird cage on the back. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the room, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage, they can not help but ask you: kept a bird. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of thinking. It can be seen in the life and work develop logical thinking how important it is.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Responsibility dispersion effect】 【年 3 月 13
1964 日夜 3 时 20 points outside of an apartment in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the work at the end of the bar assassination of the way home. When she cried out in despair: When everything is calm, the killer returned to commit a crime. When she yelled, the nearby residents and the light switch, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, go back to their home upstairs, the killer again appeared before her, to kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a large number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of liability reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the callous, or moral decay of the performance increased. In different occasions, people's acts of assistance there is a difference. When a person in an emergency situation, if only he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, provide assistance to the victims. If he refused to help produce feelings of guilt, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological price. And if the presence of many people, help the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few spectators and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce A How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important topic.
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Parkinson's Law of the famous British historian, North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give competent people; the second is to make a competent person to assist their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a result, two mediocre assistant sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they calling the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. And so on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> halo effect】 【
famous Russian literary giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks amazing, but with different channel sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write poetry Pushkin read it to her time. She always covered their ears and said: death duel, a literary giant to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and noble character, however, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some disadvantage of the elderly individual young people, or dress, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere lovely, really the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual push and, just like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically linked to some of the personality or physical characteristics associated with the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all that bad on all the negative, which is a absolute domination by the tendency of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect.
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Hawthorne effect a psychological experimenter effect. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, but the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit of the great changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the workers were placed in special laboratory researchers led by their social conditions changed, the concerns from all sides, creating a feeling of participating, feel that they are an important part of the company, so workers aspects from the social point of view are motivated to promote the production increase.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get along and understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we only have in life and learning continue to increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Experimental】 【learned helplessness learned helplessness effect
earliest Overmyer and West Sigman found later in animal and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of electric shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the chance to escape electric shock, they have changed was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they realize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep despair and sadness. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes a little and see the real events behind the decision factors, do not make our own despair.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> 【Witness】
the memory of witnesses, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective evidence, that his own saw, heard at first hand what truthfully speaking out of people. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to this conclusion more in-depth study. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they make were shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the video and asked them to tell the degree of confidence in their answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content of popular literature from the encyclopedia and the general knowledge of selected issues.
the same place as before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness recalled, those confident of their answers than those who do not actually have people who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know that the issue of whether in sports or even almost better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know the event than others, the participants in the memory area hair color better or worse.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> 【Effect】
Rosenthal Rosenthal, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary election in the three sixth grade classes of the children making a fuss of the In fact, this list is not determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on 8 months later, another intelligence test results showed that, the list of general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, It is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the king, he produced a statue of a girl he loved his desire to eventually make this into a real statue, the two fall in love with.)
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards own behavior, students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, manner, facial expressions of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally reduced to the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the alarm for teachers.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> false sympathy deviation】 【
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing computer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote on their favorite numbers, overestimate their own prestige in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same tendency of the number of features is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the internal attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important; < br> (3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status or some kind of normal life and learning be threatened;
(5) When it comes to a positive When the quality or character;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
twenty-eight Law】 【】 【】 【Matthew Barrel Theory logical effects】 【】 【duty to spread the cage effect of Parkinson's law】 【】 【halo effect
Hawthorne effect】 【】 【】 【learned helplessness test the memory of witnesses, Rosenthal Effect】 【】 【】
------------------------------------------ false share deviation -------------------------------------------------- ---------< br> 【】
Butterfly Effect Butterfly Effect: 70s of last century, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of the air, said Amazon Occasionally, a butterfly wing vibration rainforest, perhaps in two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to enlarge after its future status will cause a very great difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important to not confused.
today's business, its fate is also subject to the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the brand consumption, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these intangible factors will be their choice.bits are not satisfied, so you can only 1% of arrogance, said the failure, but for the customers, he gets 100% is not satisfied. times even more effort to remedy.
today, enabling enterprises to change the fate of the , sit and worry-free corporate monopoly growing trend micro, open competition so that enterprises have to consider all potential factors that affect development.
streamlining, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to give more and more people away from the traditional security, is followed to decide on their own fate. The combination of organizational and individual freedom is the result: Who can capture the good life
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phenomenon】 【
frog frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the pot, because of its adverse reactions are very sensitive environment, it will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been too late, or there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause deadly it is in the feel-good circumstances, the gradual deterioration of the actual situation, there is no clear detection.
revelation is this: the survival of our organization and the main threat to society, not from sudden events but by slow and gradual process and can not detect the formation. It short-sighted, only to see local, but can not see the big picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face, quiet place for a big change, but can not detect, and ultimately will bring us even more serious harm! ~
Revelation of the second is: the frog, as if all living things in our lives, we must look to the future, diligent in thinking of new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, can not be too and
The third revelation is: today's society is a knowledge explosion, the ever-changing, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, lazy, so go on, certainly eliminated by the times, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment!
revelation of the four is: We do not simply, only the face of sudden danger, to the neglect of that tiny little slow and dangerous, because that tiny little slow and dangerous, is the most fear!
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crocodile alligator law rule: its intent is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break your legs, crocodile will bite your legs while and hand. The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the event crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading in the direction away from the market, must immediately stop, without any delay and shall not have any luck.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> 【Effect】
before catfish, sardines, low survival rate during transportation. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be the small fish found in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not die.
When an organization working to achieve a more stable state, often means lower employee motivation, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one enterprise to continue to add new blood to bring those vibrant, quick thinking, a new force of young and even the introduction of workforce management, to those complacent, lazy staff and bureaucratic conformist competitive pressure to raise The second is to continue to introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management concepts, so as to enable enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and adaptability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive mechanism, capable of enabling, leadership changes and so on. But I think that catfish effect analysis and application of far more than this. Different perspective of thinking, discover and solve the problem is different.
First, if the representative body catfish leader.
leaders influence others to complete the task that the individual or collective, in the flat box of sardines, sardines, a symbol of a group of highly homogeneous group, similar to their level of skills, lack of innovation and initiative , overstaffing, inefficiency, and the whole organization is a bloated state, and leader of the arrival of catfish (or catfish evolved within the sardines), new broom sweeps clean, discipline, standardize systems, transformation process rational allocation of jobs and people, financial, material, business has been gradual improvement in the organization, cut down costs, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, driven away, has been capability of sardines a positive incentive, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the vitality of the entire organization are mobilized, so that the collective power of more powerful, dominate the market, maintain market have a solid foundation .
From this perspective, catfish leaders should have the following characteristics:
1 - act decisively, resolutely: rapid detection of diseases where the stagnant organization, and be able to cut the Gordian knot, quickly and effectively solve the problem.
2 - their words, the strong style of work: scientific decision-making and to oversee the implementation of decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, create an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and allocation, assessment and other aspects of compensation design and reflects the innovative thinking, reflecting the benefits of innovation.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, can foresee the direction of organizational development and human resources and the future of the existing gap, which can effectively identify future talent, cut off the drag is not suitable for Organizational Development personnel.
5 - System Perspective, dare to change: the ability to observe the inside and outside the organization system from the system changes in the structure and function, we should not only regard themselves as part of the organization (as opposed to fishermen, who are themselves leading catfish, sardines, fisherman before the leader), and should see itself as a leader in the small system, they can bring the staff to open the situation, break the routine, making good benefits.
for leadership in the leadership struggle for the common goal of employee groups, if there are catfish characteristics of the leader, then the way to survive is in motion, to stimulate their energy, at least to synchronous speed and catfish and to ensure the same direction (business goals), so as not to be eaten catfish to catch up, or pushed by other sardines last suffocated.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a member of the team.
then it means that new, strange, different, including different views, different behaviors, different habits, because different, will inspire wisdom, a team needs different personalities, different skills and different work experience people to join, if you are the all-employees, then the team have smart ideas, the possibility of producing high performance is minimal. In the focus on team building, communication to the team today, appropriate to attract catfish to join the team, will give the team a lively working atmosphere, bringing innovation and bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, all catfish, then the whole team will be exist, the whole team to foul, so some Japanese companies believe in truth. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the shape, the other employees deal with the team in the catfish, it should work on the basis of their cooperation.
Again, if catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
now in many companies, organizational structure and design of a process of transformation is still a major issue, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, monotonous boring job content so that people feel like a bucket of sardines crowded as there is no passion, do not want to post more, think more in improvements, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment catfish effect applied to job design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is obvious. How restless, passionate work of catfish into the pool of stagnant water in it? This is a difficult learning, it was argued from the horizontal and vertical expansion of the scope of work, deepening the work content, for employees to experience the wealth of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging and exciting nature of work excitement and desire; was suggested that the way growth in the use of staff rotation ability, so that they work more joy catfish swim; I maintain that while the application of these measures should focus on the character of people and job matching, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines, sardines things to do, post in the work only to have the content of catfish also work with the content of sardine, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, look at those work that allows them to generate power and passion catfish, and only matches the after effects of catfish can play its role, or catfish, although work is set, only to discover that the work of the staff can not be moved, fighting for, then this catfish has become a dead fish.
From this perspective, the work represents the rich catfish work content, Zequan Li is exciting, challenging job expectations, fresh experience of the other posts and so on. For leaders and human resource managers, whether at work setting catfish work, what level to set in work catfish, will be an organization's strategy.
summary, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be the catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization, do not swim back, or else there is the danger of being eaten, always full of passion to the upstream and perhaps one day you become a catfish to catch up fighting a group of sardines; your colleagues may be catfish, then, and his Competition Competition see who is more energy somersault; your catfish may also be lower, it grew at the same time to motivate subordinates, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development momentum, otherwise you risk being eaten by subordinates ; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable arrangements for their own work, prioritize, work catfish swim to the more joy, it is best to stir up work on some level.
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herding herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and imitation phenomenon, the same stock.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a stick in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the past, in the second, the third will follow the jump; time , the withdrawal of the stick, behind the sheep, walked here, and still the same as the sheep in front of upward jump, despite the roadblocks of the stick no longer exist, this is called . Refers to the management of some enterprises in the market behavior of a common phenomenon. It is due to insufficient information and lack of understanding of the market difficult for investors to make reasonable uncertainty about the future expectations, often by observing the behavior of people around the extraction of information, the continuous transmission of this information, Many people will be roughly the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herding.
herd behavior is the field of behavioral finance as a typical phenomenon in the mainstream financial theory can not explain. Economics often use Sheep is a very scattered organization, usually with the left and right is blind hit, but once there was a sheep to move, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf or near the front may have at a better grass. Therefore, the
the emergence of herding in general a very competitive industry, but also the industry has a leader (leader) occupies the main focus, then the entire flock will continue to imitate the leader's stroke a move, the leader where to go
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hedgehog hedgehog law rule: two sleepy hedgehog, as cold and owned together. May be because their body is long with spines, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has finally found a suitable distance: both with each other to obtain the other's warm and was not subject to bar.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and consultants, think tanks and their relations staff. In his ten years of presidential years, he's the Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other private consultants and think tanks, no one's working years to more than two years. His newly appointed chief of staff always say: requirements. This provision is based on two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is normal, while the fixation is not normal. This is subject to the impact of military practice, since the army is moving, not always fixed in one place troops. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and to live the leader, he does not allow the people around me never leave. Only to mobilize in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure consultants and staff with fresh thinking and determination and full of vitality, it can eliminate the old course of time their use of consultants and staff on behalf of the President and the Government malpractice.
Charles de Gaulle's approach is thought-provoking and admiration. There is no sense of distance, leading policy-making over-reliance on the Secretary or a few people, easy to make interference in domestic affairs think tank personnel, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally pulled into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very dangerous. Comparing the two, or better to maintain a certain distance.
former president of General Electric Company, Stone note in their work very personally hedgehog theory, especially in the treatment of middle and senior management on even more so. And treatment in the workplace issues, Stone never mean the care of executives, but in their spare time, he never asked for a guest home manager, never accepted their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, it will make you and the staff were confused identity. This is one of the best managed state. Maintained by a certain distance to maintain the principle, this principle of equal treatment for all: both leaders bound themselves, but can be bound by employees. Grasp this principle, it mastered the secret of successful management.
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watch watch Law Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know what time it is, and when he has two not being able to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not be used with two different methods, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or personal loss.
story
monkeys and table a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun rises every day they go out foraging, when the sun back to rest, My life was dull and happy.
a tourist through the forest, to watch a tree fall on the rocks by monkeys in the Smart Meng may
do the Monkey King, Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But soon, the new Monkey King is also facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch give us a very intuitive law of inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, otherwise it will make a loss; for a person can not choose between two different values Otherwise, his behavior will be disrupted.
a person can not by two or more people to the command, otherwise the person will know what to do; for a business, is not at the same time using two different methods of management, or will not develop this enterprise.
in this regard with the Time Warner AOL merger is a typical failure case. America Online is a young Internet company, corporate culture emphasized operational flexibility, rapid decision-making, quick to seize the market require that all the objectives for the service. Time Warner to build long-term process of development emphasizes the integrity of the channel and innovative corporate culture.
two companies after the merger, corporate senior management and is not a good solution to the conflict in two kinds of values, resulting in staff completely confuse the direction of future development of enterprises. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century marriage ended in failure. It also indicates that, to figure out the time, a travel time table accurate enough.
select only you think is right
two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time. You have to do is to select the more reliable one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: your choice However, many people are troubled, they were
or others in the environment also under pressure against one chose the path I did not like, and therefore depressed life. Even if the person has achieved remarkable success by also never felt the joy of success.
in real life, we often encounter a similar situation. Elective courses such as the two are you are interested in, but teaching time coincidence, and you do not have enough energy to learn another two courses, this time it is hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
career, the location, no clear winner of the two treatment units, you will go from here? Every crossroads in life, we must face the
choice in the face of conflicts, we recommend using The so-called
Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear reason, but through psychological unconscious, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in fact, we often say the first impression.
core philosophy: more choices, more standards will make people confused.
Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose, the place is put.
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broken window theory Broken Windows Theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to fix it, repeat it soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if there is Some graffiti has not been cleansed, and soon, on the wall covered with a mess of things unsightly; a very clean place, people are embarrassed to rubbish, litter on the ground but once there, the people will not hesitate to throw, did not feel ashamed.
Broken Windows Theory 1
also called Bastiat as the target of criticism at home and summed up, saw the famous article, The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window glass, which would make the installation of glass and glass production people started to promote social employment.
Here, scholars to illustrate the children's behavior and the behavior of the government could have consequences, thus completely negating the Keynesian policy of government intervention. The release of this fallacy in the flood, put the earthquakes, put the in the war, it seems very appropriate.
also called the Broken Windows Theory 2
broken window broken window effect, if not repaired, will lead to more broken windows, or even the whole building to be demolished. By the American political scientist and criminologist Karen Wilson observation summary of the
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Law】 【twenty-eight
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important and only a small part, about 20%, though the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not mean to analyze, process and look at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to identify those who can provide a 80% profit, but only 20% of total key customers, to enhance its services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification analysis, it is necessary to solve the main effort on key issues, focus on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people make money with a neck over ------- -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking, negative thinking
20% of people who buy time ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% -------------- 80% of people dominated by people who dominated
20% of the people to do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people value experience -------------- 80% of people attach importance to education
20% of people believe that actions have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how to do it I ------ 80% of the money I want money I have on how to do
20 % of people love to invest 80% of people ---------------- love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people searching for answers in the question -------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the immediate
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the opportunity
20% -------------- people plan for the future 80% of people only think of the morning doing
20% today, according to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% people according to their own wishes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people tomorrow, things to do today ------ 80% of people do today, tomorrow, who do
20% 80% ------------ How can the people do not do
20 % of people taking notes ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good 80% of people who
20% of people affected by the success of 80% -------- people affected by the failure of people who state
20% -------------- 80% good bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed - ------------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never praise, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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barrel Barrel Theory Theory: The composition of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but it depends on the shortest piece of wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, the same must be flush with each board and no damage, if only in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing following a break hole, this barrel can not be filled with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket no matter how high, its water storage is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
principle known as buckets or short plate theory, buckets short board management theory, the so-called depends on the highest piece of wood on the sides of casks, but rather depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content, Second, as long as the bucket, there are a sufficient height, a bucket of water can not be full.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Matthew】 【
Matthew: he has will be taken from him. Its name comes from the Bible
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Logic】 【
hanging cages a beautiful cage in the room where the most prominent, a few days, the owner will make one of the following two choices: throw the cage out, or buy a bird cage on the back. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the room, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage, they can not help but ask you: kept a bird. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of thinking. It can be seen in the life and work develop logical thinking how important it is.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Responsibility dispersion effect】 【年 3 月 13
1964 日夜 3 时 20 points outside of an apartment in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the work at the end of the bar assassination of the way home. When she cried out in despair: When everything is calm, the killer returned to commit a crime. When she yelled, the nearby residents and the light switch, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, go back to their home upstairs, the killer again appeared before her, to kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a large number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of liability reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the callous, or moral decay of the performance increased. In different occasions, people's acts of assistance there is a difference. When a person in an emergency situation, if only he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, provide assistance to the victims. If he refused to help produce feelings of guilt, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological price. And if the presence of many people, help the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few spectators and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce A How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important topic.
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Parkinson's Law of the famous British historian, North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give competent people; the second is to make a competent person to assist their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a result, two mediocre assistant sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they calling the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. And so on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> halo effect】 【
famous Russian literary giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks amazing, but with different channel sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write poetry Pushkin read it to her time. She always covered their ears and said: death duel, a literary giant to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and noble character, however, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some disadvantage of the elderly individual young people, or dress, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere lovely, really the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual push and, just like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically linked to some of the personality or physical characteristics associated with the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all that bad on all the negative, which is a absolute domination by the tendency of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect.
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Hawthorne effect a psychological experimenter effect. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, but the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit of the great changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the workers were placed in special laboratory researchers led by their social conditions changed, the concerns from all sides, creating a feeling of participating, feel that they are an important part of the company, so workers aspects from the social point of view are motivated to promote the production increase.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get along and understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we only have in life and learning continue to increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> Experimental】 【learned helplessness learned helplessness effect
earliest Overmyer and West Sigman found later in animal and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of electric shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the chance to escape electric shock, they have changed was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they realize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep despair and sadness. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes a little and see the real events behind the decision factors, do not make our own despair.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> 【Witness】
the memory of witnesses, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective evidence, that his own saw, heard at first hand what truthfully speaking out of people. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to this conclusion more in-depth study. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they make were shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the video and asked them to tell the degree of confidence in their answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content of popular literature from the encyclopedia and the general knowledge of selected issues.
the same place as before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness recalled, those confident of their answers than those who do not actually have people who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know that the issue of whether in sports or even almost better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know the event than others, the participants in the memory area hair color better or worse.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> 【Effect】
Rosenthal Rosenthal, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary election in the three sixth grade classes of the children making a fuss of the In fact, this list is not determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on 8 months later, another intelligence test results showed that, the list of general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, It is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the king, he produced a statue of a girl he loved his desire to eventually make this into a real statue, the two fall in love with.)
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards own behavior, students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, manner, facial expressions of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally reduced to the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the alarm for teachers.
----------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----< br> false sympathy deviation】 【
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing computer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote on their favorite numbers, overestimate their own prestige in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same tendency of the number of features is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the internal attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important; < br> (3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status or some kind of normal life and learning be threatened;
(5) When it comes to a positive When the quality or character;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
Monday, May 16, 2011
Reserved money in the world
Have not seen it. .First, the RMB
two pounds
three , Kazakhstan Rigby
four Thai Baht
V. Euro
six kyat
seven , eight South African rand
Maldives Raffia
September , Sri Lanka Rupee
Ten , Tajikistan Somoni
XI NOK
twelve , thirteen VND
, Guyana ten per
Fourth, the Colombian peso
fifteen dollar ( back )
XVI
seventh Canadian dollar , Indonesian rupiah ( Shield )
eighth , Papua New Guinea -based
nineteenth , twentieth
Russian ruble , Indian rupee
the twenty-first , China Taiwan dollars
XXII中国MOP
round , Hong Kong, China Yuan
XXV, DM
XXVI, U.S. (positive )
twenty Seven , Italian lira
xxviii, Irish pound
twenty-nine , Australian
thirty , the French franc
XXXI, Saudi Arabia Arabian riyals
XXXII, Spanish peseta
XXXIII, San Marino Italian Lira
xxxiv, Sao Tome and Principe Daub La
xxxv Portuguese Escudo
XXXVI, Romanian leu
xxxvii, CHF
thirty-eight Mongolian Tugrik
thirty-ninth, forty
guilder , the Japanese element
XLI, South Korean Won
forty Suriname shield
xliii, Turkish Lira (we have several zero count )! !
xliv, Singapore
xlv. Alba Shakespeare lek
Forty-six . Algerian Dinar
forty VII. Afghani
Forty-eight . Argentine Peso
Forty-nine . United Arab Emirates Dirham
fifty. Omani Rial
- -----------------------------------------< br> This article is reproduced from: * : the world of money. Have not seen it. .
reading space with QQ -mail subscription
What is the reading room ?
two pounds
three , Kazakhstan Rigby
four Thai Baht
V. Euro
six kyat
seven , eight South African rand
Maldives Raffia
September , Sri Lanka Rupee
Ten , Tajikistan Somoni
XI NOK
twelve , thirteen VND
, Guyana ten per
Fourth, the Colombian peso
fifteen dollar ( back )
XVI
seventh Canadian dollar , Indonesian rupiah ( Shield )
eighth , Papua New Guinea -based
nineteenth , twentieth
Russian ruble , Indian rupee
the twenty-first , China Taiwan dollars
XXII中国MOP
round , Hong Kong, China Yuan
XXV, DM
XXVI, U.S. (positive )
twenty Seven , Italian lira
xxviii, Irish pound
twenty-nine , Australian
thirty , the French franc
XXXI, Saudi Arabia Arabian riyals
XXXII, Spanish peseta
XXXIII, San Marino Italian Lira
xxxiv, Sao Tome and Principe Daub La
xxxv Portuguese Escudo
XXXVI, Romanian leu
xxxvii, CHF
thirty-eight Mongolian Tugrik
thirty-ninth, forty
guilder , the Japanese element
XLI, South Korean Won
forty Suriname shield
xliii, Turkish Lira (we have several zero count )! !
xliv, Singapore
xlv. Alba Shakespeare lek
Forty-six . Algerian Dinar
forty VII. Afghani
Forty-eight . Argentine Peso
Forty-nine . United Arab Emirates Dirham
fifty. Omani Rial
- -----------------------------------------< br> This article is reproduced from: * : the world of money. Have not seen it. .
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Wednesday, May 11, 2011
If you love a chicken
Roosters character is very strange, and sometimes super-talkative, sometimes can not speak one day, happy, will be desperate to speak, when unhappy, but said nothing.
Roosters do not love hold a grudge, but who better for him who is not, he still remember very clearly
Roosters to the real you hidden in the middle of the night's silence and the laughter of the midnight clear.
a chicken is not easy to love a person, but once in love with would be difficult to extricate themselves. Once injured, always deeply wounded. Only a few close friends
Roosters like the sea, like the Advantages and Disadvantages. Like your lick wounds.
Roosters eccentric character who is very strange that they would suddenly laugh in silence, feeling sad.
What is the chicken never thought that. others guess.
Rooster saying one does not care, but my mind was already sad and heart of that fire has long been extinguished. < br>
silence is the choice of chicken, not hot as before, loved to pursue something.
Roosters always love the memory of the previous bit by bit, the size of the previous just thinking about things quietly.
Roosters do not understand sweet, disdain flattery.
Roosters instinctive rejection of hypocrisy and affectation of the people.
Roosters not really angry, even angry, soon forget!
Roosters only really know him to show his creativity, his emotions become indifferent to him that he began to re-examine you, when he was more silent, the more angry on his behalf. < br> Roosters may look ferocious, but in fact have the most flexible.
Roosters look cool, but just protect yourself.
Roosters attaches great importance to friendship, But definitely not a friendly after being hurt.
Roosters can easily be moved, but they keep moving in the sensible.
Roosters may look very strong, in fact, is the most vulnerable.
Roosters may be crying, but his crying does not mean throwing in the towel.
Roosters may look stupid, in fact, knowing too.
Roosters may work very edgy, but inside very carefully.
Rooster people are born sensitive and delicate, but it will carefully identified.
Roosters weak, injured, there is only hiding no one knew Local crying.
Roosters hypocrisy, clearly has been painful to breath, but also in front of her favorite pretend to be strong; not easily let anyone into his own world
Rooster smile, whether happy or sad, Cancer is a look of smile, smile, they disguise their best weapon is stupid chicken, do not understand how to restore the hearts of loved ones, only in my mind silent blessing and prayer.
wounded are chicken, alone in the corner only to endure the pain of heartbreaking.
Roosters: thoughtful first, eat first, love at home first name, first filial piety, sentimentality first.
If you love you love a chicken ... hee hee
Zodiac Chicken ,(*^__^*)
Roosters do not love hold a grudge, but who better for him who is not, he still remember very clearly
Roosters to the real you hidden in the middle of the night's silence and the laughter of the midnight clear.
a chicken is not easy to love a person, but once in love with would be difficult to extricate themselves. Once injured, always deeply wounded. Only a few close friends
Roosters like the sea, like the Advantages and Disadvantages. Like your lick wounds.
Roosters eccentric character who is very strange that they would suddenly laugh in silence, feeling sad.
What is the chicken never thought that. others guess.
Rooster saying one does not care, but my mind was already sad and heart of that fire has long been extinguished. < br>
silence is the choice of chicken, not hot as before, loved to pursue something.
Roosters always love the memory of the previous bit by bit, the size of the previous just thinking about things quietly.
Roosters do not understand sweet, disdain flattery.
Roosters instinctive rejection of hypocrisy and affectation of the people.
Roosters not really angry, even angry, soon forget!
Roosters only really know him to show his creativity, his emotions become indifferent to him that he began to re-examine you, when he was more silent, the more angry on his behalf. < br> Roosters may look ferocious, but in fact have the most flexible.
Roosters look cool, but just protect yourself.
Roosters attaches great importance to friendship, But definitely not a friendly after being hurt.
Roosters can easily be moved, but they keep moving in the sensible.
Roosters may look very strong, in fact, is the most vulnerable.
Roosters may be crying, but his crying does not mean throwing in the towel.
Roosters may look stupid, in fact, knowing too.
Roosters may work very edgy, but inside very carefully.
Rooster people are born sensitive and delicate, but it will carefully identified.
Roosters weak, injured, there is only hiding no one knew Local crying.
Roosters hypocrisy, clearly has been painful to breath, but also in front of her favorite pretend to be strong; not easily let anyone into his own world
Rooster smile, whether happy or sad, Cancer is a look of smile, smile, they disguise their best weapon is stupid chicken, do not understand how to restore the hearts of loved ones, only in my mind silent blessing and prayer.
wounded are chicken, alone in the corner only to endure the pain of heartbreaking.
Roosters: thoughtful first, eat first, love at home first name, first filial piety, sentimentality first.
If you love you love a chicken ... hee hee
Zodiac Chicken ,(*^__^*)
Sunday, May 8, 2011
First, life
Life is poor, you are one, it seems a lifetime.
a boy at school on a newborn girl. Such as spring flower girls laugh, out alive, the boy she was almost a love, a show. Boys high school section for moment-style education through dance, men and women was very careful to love the confidence, he thought: >
more than a year after a night out of the boy in the girls summon the courage to her table the views of their hearts? Thought, flat clever girl Baba: I really do not know you ... ... ... ... ... ... Hi I'm
after the boy was seen with the school, One of the flowers, smiles, very similar, so both the boy's intention. But how long the boy
soon ended, a large living. Later, the girl became a man put on a wedding dress the bride, while the boys again. Because he clearly is the only girl to his life only.
boy friend that hit the girl's birthday and address, and every girl birthday, he asked people to send nine tulips (he did not know what girls favorite flower, his own favorite tulips). Boys know that girls have, so he is not the card leave your name and that he does not want their own feelings and affect the lives of girls.
eyes went on, the boy is still overwhelmed, still have annual flowers girl. Just the day before the birthday girl, the boy added together with his girl in a second marriage, and now also the body, mind, is distressed and high ? He suffered the feelings of the unfortunate girl and distressed, and they have their own once again the high ... ...
to wait until the girl's birthday! Boys can be made! He wanted to spend time must be sent from, again her confession. This, he almost take a stroll all the flower shop, the last pick of the most beautiful tulip flowers.
Miss flowers wrapped
moment, the boy next word in the card: You know I'm you? ! A smile on the handsome boy, eager, vertical middle of the street around ... ...
in that, he knocked down a retrograde ... ...
tulip girls received the same boy also received the death.
girls understand everything, her own in the room crying all night. She recalled years ago that night, the boy of her confession? She did not know, the past 10 years, while the boy is so significant to her fans! Thought, she cried more heart, and ran the water was limited to the United States tulip disseminated. Girl know, she lost her life to the case of seeking the.
, however, certainly do not know the boy sleeping girls favorite, the tulip is ... ah ...
a boy at school on a newborn girl. Such as spring flower girls laugh, out alive, the boy she was almost a love, a show. Boys high school section for moment-style education through dance, men and women was very careful to love the confidence, he thought: >
more than a year after a night out of the boy in the girls summon the courage to her table the views of their hearts? Thought, flat clever girl Baba: I really do not know you ... ... ... ... ... ... Hi I'm
after the boy was seen with the school, One of the flowers, smiles, very similar, so both the boy's intention. But how long the boy
soon ended, a large living. Later, the girl became a man put on a wedding dress the bride, while the boys again. Because he clearly is the only girl to his life only.
boy friend that hit the girl's birthday and address, and every girl birthday, he asked people to send nine tulips (he did not know what girls favorite flower, his own favorite tulips). Boys know that girls have, so he is not the card leave your name and that he does not want their own feelings and affect the lives of girls.
eyes went on, the boy is still overwhelmed, still have annual flowers girl. Just the day before the birthday girl, the boy added together with his girl in a second marriage, and now also the body, mind, is distressed and high ? He suffered the feelings of the unfortunate girl and distressed, and they have their own once again the high ... ...
to wait until the girl's birthday! Boys can be made! He wanted to spend time must be sent from, again her confession. This, he almost take a stroll all the flower shop, the last pick of the most beautiful tulip flowers.
Miss flowers wrapped
moment, the boy next word in the card: You know I'm you? ! A smile on the handsome boy, eager, vertical middle of the street around ... ...
in that, he knocked down a retrograde ... ...
tulip girls received the same boy also received the death.
girls understand everything, her own in the room crying all night. She recalled years ago that night, the boy of her confession? She did not know, the past 10 years, while the boy is so significant to her fans! Thought, she cried more heart, and ran the water was limited to the United States tulip disseminated. Girl know, she lost her life to the case of seeking the.
, however, certainly do not know the boy sleeping girls favorite, the tulip is ... ah ...
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